Exam 06044100

Part A 1. Organizations commitment to social responsibility takes the form of policies or pronouncements on what the face intends to do to address its social impact in the community where it operates, which includes its stakeholders, suppliers and the general familiar.As such(prenominal), a key requirement in implementing an brass instruments commitment to social responsibility is the buy-in from the board and the nobble executives which make the policies, and the support of the midway- focussing and employees which will implement the policies. To do this, the board and top executives must understand the levels effects as an makeup, and everyone else must ready a clear grasp of the direction where it is going.Implementation involves the day-by-day operations, processes, activities, decisions and practices which will ensure that the organizations socially responsible commitments and policies are carried out and met The main obstacles to implementing socially responsible poli cies are ,lack of clarity in policy resignments, lack of a supporting structure system, processes and organization financial constraints programs and projects must have appropriate funding,lack of coordi population among activities, lack of understanding and support from implementers middle management and employees.Some ad hoc actions that faeces be taken towards increased social responsibilitys are. Come up with ways for the organization to ruffle socially responsible policies into day-to-day operations and individual activities. This preempt be done by involving middle managers, employees, and other key players in brainstorming sessions. Develop a significant talk plan Internally, localise on motivating factors such as how social responsibility can be a root word of competitive advantage for the organization in terms of low convergenceion cost, improved product value, and build-up of node loyalty.Externally, focus on making commitments public, not only to gain public a ttention, just to inform the public of what it is doing in terms of improving product value and customer service. Set measurable shoot fors and continuously . Celebrating achievements can be a source of inspiration and increased commitment to social responsibility. 2. Departmentalization is the process of grouping activities, customers, or job functions into specialized groups of an organization to create better coordination. All large companies have multiple departments. These departments are specialized units that carryout pecific functions for a company. Most organizations have the functional departments of human resources, accounting, sales, and information technology. Types of Departmentalization 1) Functional Groups of employees based on work performed (engineering, accounting, information systems, human resources). 2) Product Groups of employees based on major product areas in the stool ( womans footwear, mens footwear, and apparel and accessories). 3) Customer Groups of e mployees based on customers problem and needs (wholesale, retail, government). ) geographical Groups of employees based on location served North, South, Midwest, East). 5) Process Groups of employees based on the basis of work or customers combine ( testing, payment) 3. Is a scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of the strategical planning process. environmental factors internal to the unfaltering usually can be categorise as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W), and those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). SWOT abstract means analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.The SWOT analysis provides information that is attendful in matching the firms resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates. It is a useful strategic planning tool. It is based on the assumption that if managers carefully review internal strengths and weaknesses and external threat and opportunitie s, a useful scheme for ensuring organizational success can be formulated. As such, it is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. Strength. A firms strengths are its resources and capabilities that can be used as a basis for developing a competitive advantage.It is an important organizational resource which enhances a company, competitive position. Some of the internal strengths of an organization are Distinctive competence in key areas ,Manufacturing efficiency like exclusive access to risque grade natural resources, Skilled workforce, Adequate financial resources,Superior image and reputation such as strong brand names. -Economies of scale -Superior technological skills -Insulation from strong competitive pressures -Product or service differentiation -Proprietary technology such as patents and resultant ost advantages from proprietary know-how -favorable access to distribution network. Part B . 1. Six Sigma at many another(prenominal) organizations simply means a me asure of quality that strives for near perfection. Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodological analysis for eliminating defects (driving toward six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in any process from manufacturing to transactional and from product to service. The statistical representation of Six Sigma describes quantitatively how a process is performing. . The counterweight of change over of a nation is the difference between values of its exports and imports. When exports are greater than imports, the nation is said to have a brace of trade surplus. On the other hand, if imports are greater than exports, the nation is said to have a balance of trade deficit. Exports and imports that figure in the balance of trade concept arise in the context of trade with other countries. Exports are the value of goods and services produced in the United States and sold to other countries . 3.Perception is the process by which y ou become aware of objects and events in the external world. Perception occurs in five stages (1) stimulation, (2) organization, (3) interpretation-evaluation, (4) memory, and (5) recall. 4. A decentralized organization is one in which decision making is not confined to a few top executives but rather is throughout the organization, with managers at various levels making key operating decisions relating to their sphere of responsibility. Decentralization is a matter of spirit level, since all organizations are decentralized to some extent out of necessity. . Bounded discerningity is the estimation that in decision-making, rationality of individuals is limited by the information they have, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the finite amount of time they have to make a decision. It was proposed by Herbert A. Simon as an alternative basis for the mathematical modeling of decision making, as used in economics and related disciplines it complements rationality as optimizat ion, which views decision-making as a fully rational process of finding an optimal choice given the information available.Thus the decision-maker is a satisfies, one seeking a satisfactory solution rather than the optimal one. 6. Although an early study, this is still often referenced. It is notable that the two factors correlate with the people-task division that appears in other studies and also as preferences. Consideration is the people-orientation and Initiating Structure is the task orientation. Initiating Structure is the degree to which a leader defines and structures his or her role and the roles of the subordinates towards achieving the lasts of the group. . Think of negative punishment as Removing Something pleasant with the goal of decreasing a behavior. Think of negative reinforcement as Removing Something unpleasant with the goal of Increasing the target behavior. 8. A system is commonly defined as a group of acting units or elements that have a common purpose. The units or elements of a system can be cogs, wires, people, computers, and so on. Systems are generally classified as open systems and closed systems and they can take the form of mechanical, biological, or social systems.Open systems refer to systems that interact with other systems or the outside environment, whereas closed systems refer to systems having relatively little interaction with other systems or the outside environment such as food and air and return other substances to their environment. 9. Basic tasks and functions of management include planning, organizing, staffing, motivating and controlling business and its activities. 10. Appraisals are virtually often used as a punitive tool, but they can be a very powerful management tool. Appraisals can help you find the areas that most motivate your employees and how to help them improve.By understanding the areas that most motivate your employees, the appraisals can provide you with the most important tool to guide your staff . 11. A group is said to be in a state of cohesion when its members possess bonds linking them to one another and to the group as a whole. Social norms are set forth by sociologists as being laws that govern societys behaviors. Although these norms are not considered to be established laws within society, they still work to promote a great deal of social control. Social norms can be enforced formally through sanctions or informally through body language and non-verbal communication cues.